"Cumpostu urgànicu" : Diffirenzi ntrê virsioni
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In sècuitu, Friedrich Wöhler pruvau ca chissu era na cridenza falsificabbili picchini cèrti cumposti di l'[[urina]] jèrunu inurgànici mèntri chissa pruvèni di essiri viventi.<br /> |
In sècuitu, Friedrich Wöhler pruvau ca chissu era na cridenza falsificabbili picchini cèrti cumposti di l'[[urina]] jèrunu inurgànici mèntri chissa pruvèni di essiri viventi.<br /> |
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== Tipi di |
== Tipi di cumposti urgànici == |
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Ci sunu diffirènti manèri di |
Ci sunu diffirènti manèri di mèttiri ordini nta li cumposti urgànici.<br /> |
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Pònu èssiri macari discritti comu gruppi funziunali, ca sunnu stutturi nichi di [[atumu|atumi]] cunnessi 'ntra di iddi comi li [[Mulècula|muleculi]]. |
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Pònu èssiri macari discritti comu gruppi funziunali, ca sunu stutturi nica di [[atumu|atumi]] cunnessi 'ntra di iddi comi li [[Mulècula|muleculi]]<!--, ca s'attrovanu nta diffirenti [[functional groups]], which are small patterns of connected atoms, which occur in many different orders in many places. One way of showing the [[molecule]] is by drawing its structural formula. Because molecules can have complicated structures, people have made ways to show them in simple language. The latest way of showing organic compounds is the [[line-angle formula]]. This is based on Carbon atoms; each atom, including carbon atoms, is connected by a line to each atom that it is covalently bonded to. One line means a [[single bond]], two lines means a [[double bond]] and so on. |
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Because there is in an infinite number of possible organic compounds, language is needed to give a unique name to each one. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or [[IUPAC]], made a system for doing this. Although an IUPAC name makes every single possible molecule unique, the names are often long and complicated, so in everyday life, ''trivial'' names--unofficial but widely understood names--are used, such as the Trivial names Paracetamol, Tylenol, and Acetaminophen, which are used for a compound whose IUPAC name is ''N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide''. |
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===Natural Compounds=== |
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Natural compounds are compounds made by plants or animals. These could also be made in a lab, but many of these compounds are taken from nature because it is easier and less expensive to do it that way. Some kinds of natural compounds are most [[Sugars]], [[carbohydrates]], many [[antibiotics]] like [[Penicillin]] and [[Amoxicillin]], and [[Octane]], which is the most important ingredient in [[gasoline]]. |
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===Synthetic Compounds=== |
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Synthetic Compounds are those made by people. Sometimes, this is done by taking something natural and changing the molecule in a small way, such as making [[glycerine]] from vegetable oils. Other compounds are synthesized in long, complicated reactions with many steps. [[Plastics]] are sometimes mostly natural, and other kinds are very hard to make. |
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==Seeing Structure== |
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Since a compound is often first discovered in nature instead of being made on purpose in a lab, people may know the compound exists, and even know what it does sometimes, but not know exactly what atoms it is made of and how it is arranged. There are several ways of taking an unknown compound and finding out this structure: |
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*[[Mass Spectrometry]] |
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*[[X-Ray Diffraction]] |
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*[[Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy]] |
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*[[Infrared Spectroscopy]] |
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''Compare:'' [[Inorganic compound]] |
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== Other websites == |
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* [http://homework.chem.uic.edu/NEXT.HTM Organic chemistry online] |
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[[Category:Organic compounds| ]] |
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Virsioni currenti ô 01:17, 7 aus 2020
Nu Cumpostu urgànicu sunu cumposti di lu carboniu. Quasi tutti li cumpostu urgànici cuntènunu idrògginu oltri a lu carboniu. Jautri cunténunu macàri ussigginu.
Di solitu sunu cumposti cuvàlenti.
Storia[cancia | cancia la surgenti]
Lu nomi "urgànicu" avi n'itimuloggìa c'arrisàli a lu XIX sèculu.
Li pirsuni cririunu ca sulu l'essiri viventi putièunu criàri cumposti urganici e li cosi "morti" (comu li minirali 'n gèniri) putièunu ginirari cumposti inurgànici.
In sècuitu, Friedrich Wöhler pruvau ca chissu era na cridenza falsificabbili picchini cèrti cumposti di l'urina jèrunu inurgànici mèntri chissa pruvèni di essiri viventi.
Tipi di cumposti urgànici[cancia | cancia la surgenti]
Ci sunu diffirènti manèri di mèttiri ordini nta li cumposti urgànici.
Pònu èssiri macari discritti comu gruppi funziunali, ca sunnu stutturi nichi di atumi cunnessi 'ntra di iddi comi li muleculi.